The Education System Of South Africa - 1781 Words

1. Introduction In a rainbow nation filled with diversity, the education system is the one system that faces the most problems implementing a change. Education is one of the most important elements in structuring the new generation, and with the new South Africa comes new curriculums. The lingering question though is: Have we improved the education system of South Africa? Is the new curriculum in the best interest of the country and its future or in the best interest of those people in power in our country? What challenges do educators face bringing on this transformation curriculum as a tool to form the minds of young people? In this paper we will be looking at the education system of the past vs. the future critically. We will also be analyzing these two aspects of education by means of the Critical Theory. 2. Critical theory Critical Theory as a method of inquiry is widely used when questioning power structures. The concern with changing a system, may it be economic, social or political. Higgs and Smith (2015:67). According to Higgs and Smith (2015:67), critical theory originates in the 1930’s through German philosophy. The first people to get involved were mostly concerned with the problems of Nazism. Critical theory, from the start, was not just concerned with trying to resist the Nazis, critical theory believes that all power structures are dangerous and destructive. Critical theory believes that power structures not only drive our economic and social life butShow MoreRelatedWhy Literacy Rate Of South Africa Is Higher Than That Of West Africa? Essay1714 Words   |  7 Pages2016 Why literacy rate in South Africa is higher than that of West Africa? 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SomeRead More South African Apartheid Essay1499 Words   |  6 Pagesof South Africa had to endure racial inferiority during the era of apartheid. The apartheid laws the government of South Africa made led to an unequal lifestyle for the blacks and produced opposition. South Africa really began to suffer when apartheid was written into the law. Apartheid was first introduced in the 1948 election that the Afrikaner National Party won. The plan was to take the already existing segregation and expand it (Wright, 60). Apartheid was a system that segregated South Africa’sRead MoreApartheid in South Africa Essays1245 Words   |  5 Pages The word apartheid comes in two forms, one being the system of racial segregation in South Africa, and the other form is the form that only those who were affected by apartheid can relate to, the deeper, truer, more horrifying, saddening and realistic form. The apartheid era truly began when white South Africans went to the polls to vote. Although the United Party and National Party were extremely close, the National party won. Since they won, they gained more seats and slowly began to eliminateRead MoreSouth Africa 1004 Words   |  5 Pages South Africa is known to be successful after the Apartheid but it really wasn’t. The South African Revolution also known as the time of the Apartheid took place during 1908-1994. It was a long struggle for the Africans, which included riots, protests, segregation and physical pain. During the period of the Apartheid, blacks were not treated with equal respect to the whites. They weren’t allowed to vote, hold office and the children couldn’t go to school with whites. It was a horrific time for blacksRead MoreInclusive Education in South Africa1003 Words   |  4 Pages The Zulu tribe of South Africa is the largest ethnic group in the country and its language is the most frequently used of all in South Africa. (Hamlett) The tribe was first discovered when Portugal settled the land, and since then the tribe and its relationships with the colonists is anything but peaceful, and to this day there still is tension. Maybe because of this, the education system throughou t the 1900’s refused to allow for the teaching of African culture other than stereotypes and otherRead MoreThe Concerns Of South Africa Essay1073 Words   |  5 Pagesrespond to the perceived crisis in education in South Africa. Which posits firstly how many of university students are leaving this field successfully and secondly, identify the challenges facing South African students. The method used to understand this topic begins with tracking the enrolments and graduation rates in humanities at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. It is assumed the importance of the education of members of society and how education affects all the components of societyRead MoreSouth Afric A Nation Of Diversity933 Words   |  4 PagesSouth Africa is located in Southern Africa, it stretches along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans. South Africa is ranked the 25th largest country in the world by land area and 25th most populated nation. South Africa is the only nation-state named after its geographic location. After the establishment of a constitutional nonracial democracy in 1994, there was an agreement signed not to change its name. It is a nation of diversity. South Africa has 49.32-million people and a variety of culturesRead Moreâ€Å"Awaking on Friday morning, 20 June 1913, the South African Native found himself, not actually a1100 Words   |  5 Pages1913, the South African Native found himself, not actually a slave, but a pariah in the land of his birth† (Gish 18). Desmond Tutu is one of the greatest rabble-rousers for peace that there ever was. He maintains huge political and religious influences even to this day. Most people in South Africa and many more countries hear his voice. His impact on fixing the apartheid system in South Africa was a major one. This apartheid system was very segregated towards whites and blacks in South Africa. BlacksRead MoreEssay on The Future of South Africa672 Words   |  3 PagesThe Future of South Af rica Some things in South Africa are becoming better as we move into the future, while others are becoming worse. The government in South Africa is better. All the provisions of the new constitution were in place as of the year 1999. In June of 1999, President Nelson Mandela’s term ended, and Thabo Mbeki was elected as president. There was a peaceful change in government, and Mbeki is doing many things to help the country. Some of these include eliminating hatred between

Enron Essay - 918 Words

ENRON In 2000 Enron was the world’s leading corporation in selling natural gas with an estimated worth in sales of around one hundred billion dollars and the company showed only signs of progressing. Within one year the company went completely bankrupt and forty of their top employees were arrested or are in jail awaiting trials. How can a multinational corporation with steadily increasing revenue take such a drastic fall into bankruptcy and how did no one see this coming? In the end Enron knew exactly what was in their future and hid it from the public by allocating their debt and with a loophole in their accounting, it turned out to be one of the biggest cover ups in the stock markets history. In 1985 Houston Natural Gas merged†¦show more content†¦Enron’s greatest tool for concealing their debt and in the end was their ultimate demise was called â€Å"mark to market accounting† (oppel). â€Å"Mark to Market Accounting† is not totally illega l if it is done correctly which is acknowledging future sales and revenue with a new operation or business venture. What the Enron executives did was when a new natural gas plant was still in production they would predict that their new plant will generate them one hundred million dollars over the next ten years. However instead of just using this number as a future goal they would register this as revenue for that year. This would greatly increase their numbers and allow their stock to rise and profits to be divided among the top executives. To the outside world Enron appeared to be very successful and a great investment when in fact they were digging their own graves. Enron’s stock and reports annually improved without ever having debt. These great figures started to arise some questions of doubt of all of their success. With these questions people started to look into their books and analyzing all of their data in the reports to try and find some mistakes, and it did no t take very long to do so. Government Accountants started to realize that their numbers did not add up to their profits and looked into the explanation of where the missing numbers went (Berenson). Like a house of cards, Enron crumbled to the ground. Enron immediately went into a crises modeShow MoreRelatedEnron Of Enron And Enron1209 Words   |  5 PagesEnron Cooperation, is a company that was based in Houston Texas and was an energy company. This company filed bankruptcy in 2001 leaving a lot of its employees that had no knowledge about what was going on jobless and the company investors losing a lot of money. This was one of biggest companies in the united states, it had a lot of assets all over the country and was operating on a lot of profit that nobody knew how and why. The movie, â€Å"Enron, The smartest guy in the room† shows that the companyRead MoreEnron : Enron And Enron1143 Words   |  5 PagesEnron was formed in July 1985 by the merger of InterNorth and Hou ston Natural Gas (Enron Fast Facts, 2015). Kenneth Lay became chief executive of Enron and he hired Jeffrey Skilling to look after the company’s energy trading operation (The rise and fall of Enron, 2006). Skilling’s plan was to be basically a gas bank where buys gas from suppliers for future years at previously agreed prices and sells the gas to its customers in advance to purchase at specified prices for future years. By doing thatRead MoreEnron Of Enron And Enron1387 Words   |  6 PagesEnron was formed in 1985 from the merger of two gas companies from Texas and Nebraska. Enron became the first company with all-American network of gas pipelines. In 1997 Enron bought power generating company Portland General Electric Corp. worth $ 2 billion. Before 1997 ended, the management turned the company into Enron Capital Trade Resources which became the largest American companies that trade in natural gas and electricity. Revenue increased dramatically from $ 2 billion to $ 7 billionRead MoreEnron And Enron Of Enron1781 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"During the Enron debacle, it was workers who took the pounding, not bankers. Not only did Enron employees lose their jobs, many lost their retirement savings. That s because they were at the bottom of the investing food chain.† In July of 1985, Houston Natural Gas merged with InterNorth, to create Enron, and Kenneth Lay became CEO the following year. In 1989, Enron began trading natural gas commodities. In 1997, Andrew Fastow devised the first steps to hide debts and inflate profits and one yearRead MoreEnron : Enron And Enron Scandal Essay1269 Words   |  6 PagesEnron was one of the largest energy, commodities, and services company in the world. It was founded in 1985 and based in Huston, Texas. Before its bankruptcy on December 2, 2001, there are more than 20,000 staff and with claimed revenues nearly $101 billion during 2000. Enron was the rank 16 of Fortune 500 in 2000. In 2001 it revealed th at Enron’s financial report was planned accounting fraud, known since as the Enron scandal. In the Enron scandal, Enron used fraudulent accounting practices to coverRead MoreThe, Enron, And Enron1844 Words   |  8 PagesThe complete destruction of companies including Arthur Andersen, HealthSouth, and Enron, revealed a significant weakness in the United States audit system. The significant weakness is the failure to deliver true independence between the auditors and their clients. In each of these companies there was deviation from professional rules of conduct resulting from the pressures of clients placed upon their auditors (Goldman, and Barlev 857-859). Over the years, client and auditor relationships were intertwinedRead MoreEnron : The Collapse Of Enron1644 Words   |  7 PagesEnron was once one of the world s leading energy companies by reshaping the way natural gas and electricity were bought and sold. They filed the largest corporate bankruptcy in American histor y in 2001. Enron Corporation was an energy company running out of Texas that was started when two companies, Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth, merged together in 1985. By 1992, Enron became the largest seller of natural gas in North America and began to offer other services like wholesaler trading and riskRead MoreThe Enron Scandal Of Enron Essay1458 Words   |  6 Pagesevent that took place in our economy was the Enron Scandal, which happened in late 2000 and lasted into the following year. Those who were involved in this incident directly such as CEO’s Ken Lay and Jeff Skilling thought what they were doing was not wrong and that they were able to get away with making millions falsely (Seabury, 2008). However, this was a serious crisis situation and many people were affected through the process as well as their money. Enron was valuing themselves at a higher priceRead MoreEnron : The Demise Of Enron1740 Words   |  7 PagesEnron was a corporation that reached heights unknown, only to watch it fall apart from the inside out based on a foundation of falsehoods and cheating. Enron established a business culture that flourished on competition and was perceived in society as an arrogant corporation, mainly because of its corporate leadership. The fairytale of Enron actually ended as a nightmare with it destroyed by one of America’s largest bankruptcies in history. 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Shakespeare Research Paper Free Essays

William Shakespeare is arguably one of the greatest playwrights and poets of all time. This is due to his intelligent sonnets and plays that are divided into the genres of comedy, tragedy and history. Many great poets have acknowledged him as a pure genius in the way he presents his work. We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeare Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now English novelist D. H. Lawrence stated â€Å"When I read Shakespeare I am struck with wonder that such trivial people should muse and thunder in such lovely language†. Alchin, online) English poet Robert Graves once described this poetic genius, claiming that â€Å"The remarkable thing about Shakespeare is that he is really very good – in spite of all the people who say he is very good. † (Alchin, online) Shakespeare’s work has the reputation of being the one of the greatest in English language and Western literature. It has been translated into every major language and is still being preformed all around the world today. Many of Shakespeare’s plays and sonnets have similar characteristics relating to themes, motifs, and symbols. These recurring images and ideas not only portray how he really feels, but they also have a personal connection with Shakespeare as they have had some significance in his life. The theme of death and reappearing ghosts appear in many of Shakespeare’s works, especially in Hamlet and Macbeth, and are used to connect with the reader and present an important aspect that helps develop his works as a whole. In the time of William Shakespeare there was a strong belief in the existence of the paranormal activity and. Thus, the theme of the supernatural is a recurring aspect in many of Shakespeare?s plays. In both Hamlet and Macbeth, the supernatural is vital to the development and structure of the plot. It provides a deeper understanding of each character, and increases the impact of important events. The supernatural appears to the audience in many varied forms. In Hamlet there is a ghost, the most common supernatural form. However, in Macbeth, not only does a ghost appear but a floating dagger, witches, and prophetic apparitions make appearances. A ghost, appearing in the form of Hamlet’s father, makes several appearances in the play. It first appears to Marcellus and Bernardo, along with Horatio. The ghost says nothing to them and is perceived with fear and apprehension. However, the ghost gives the reader important information that helps them understand the development of the plot. The conversation between the ghost and Hamlet serves as a reason for Hamlet’s later actions and provides insight into his character. However, Hamlet is not quick to believe the ghost. â€Å"T’ assume a pleasing shape; yea, and perhaps, Out of my weakness and my melancholy, As he is very potent with such spirits, Abuses me to damn me. (Shakespeare, Act 2, Scene 2). This reveals another aspect of his character and helps the reader understand Hamlet. This ghost is portrayed as a subconscious, and he uses it as a guide when he takes the ghost’s advice to seek revenge for the King’s death. The supernatural occurs four times during the course of Macbeth. It occurs in the forms of the witches, in the appearance of Banquo’s ghost, in the apparitions, and in the â€Å"air-drawn† dagger that guides Macbeth towards his victim. The witches are the most important supernatural aspect in Macbeth. They represent Macbeth’s evil ambitions and are the reason for his evil aspirations. Macbeth believes the witches and wishes to know more about the future so after the banquet he seeks them out at their cave. He wants to know the answers to his questions even though the consequences are violent and destructive to nature. In Hamlet and Macbeth the supernatural is a vital part of the structure of the plot. It provides a catalyst for action by the characters and supplies insight into the major players. The supernatural appeals to the audience’s curiosity of the mysterious and thus strengthens their interest. Shakespeare had his experiences with death throughout his whole life. During the 16th century, waves of plague swept across England. John and Mary Shakespeare had eight children, including William. Joan, the first born sibling, died at the age of two months old due to the Bubonic Plague. Margret was the second born child and only lived for one also due to the plague. Anne Shakespeare was the sixth child born. She died at the age of eight. William was very fortunate to live a full life as three out of seven of his siblings died at an extremely young age. He also had to witness much of his family suffer with illness from the plague that swept Stratford uring the hot summer months. The plague was not the only tragic aspect of Shakespeare’s time. Smallpox, Syphilis, Typhus and Malaria mainly from infected rats all drastically affected Shakespeare’s life and caused copious amounts of death. These type of aspects and experiences all have influenced his writing (Amanda Mabillard, online). It is also a key motif and vital theme in Macbeth and Ham let, as well as many other plays. Each major character in both plays has a famous soliloquy that discusses the topic of death and leads the character with a lingering feeling of despair. They both wonder if embracing death would be better than living in a world full of corruption. â€Å"Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow creeps in this petty pace from day to day to the last syllable of recorded time; and all our yesterdays have lighted fools the way to dusty death. Out, out, brief candle! †¦ Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing. † (Shakespeare, Act 5, Scene 5). Macbeth, feeling guilty after committing killing the king and sad after the death of his wife, sees life as meaningless and insignificant. He wonders if life is truly worth living anymore. Hamlet’s famous soliloquy displays a similar tone as he also ponders between life and death. â€Å"To be, or not to be: that is the question: Whether ’tis nobler in the mind to suffer the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them? †¦ With this regard their currents turn awry, And lose the name of action. –Soft you now! The fair Ophelia! Nymph, in thy orisons Be all my sins remember’d. † (Shakespeare, Act 3, Scene 1). His despair, sorrow, anger, and inner peace are all justifiable emotions for this troubled character. Hamlet’s feeling of despair towards his life and to the world develops as the play moves on. With the burden of avenging his father’s death, Hamlet thinks that perhaps it is better commit suicide, except that there is no knowledge of what comes next. Therefore, although he thinks death should to be embraced, it cannot be pursued. (Schoenbaum, 49) Shakespeare’s life and thoughts are portrayed, reflected, and interpreted throughout his plays. Hamlet and Macbeth’s speeches both suggest that Shakespeare himself dealt with the question of life over death and possibly had thoughts of suicide. He uses these characters to reflect his feelings and thoughts and develop the plot of the story. Shakespeare’s plays have influenced many people around the world. He is one of the most known playwrights. His style is so unique and distinctive and excels beyond the expectations of great writing. Although his plays may seem as just a great story merely for entertainment, each and every single aspect of his writing has an incredibly deep meaning that adds style and feeling to the plot. The supernatural in many of Shakespeare’s works and have contributed to plot development by foreshadowing events later in the novel and shaping the characters attitude throughout the play. Death has been a lingering aspect through most of Shakespeare’s plays and is usually the fate of the major character. It helps develop the plot and places emphasis on the fatal flaw of the major character or theme of the play. They both have played an important part in Shakespeare’s life and have been essential to the success of his work as they help the genius express his feelings and shape the scheme of his writing. How to cite Shakespeare Research Paper, Essays

Management - Organisation and Employment Strategy

Question: Discuss about the Management, Organisation and Employment Strategy. Answer: Introduction The definition of a manager implies an individual, who is in charge of several tasks, which will help a particular organisation to achieve its desired goal within the established period. According to Pedleret al.(2013), the managers of an organisation are responsible for directing and planning the tasks among the group members and monitor their works. The managers are very much important as they can determine the ultimate success of an organisation with employing effective strategies. Richmond et al.(2012) have mentioned that managers are important for business as they play an essential role in the recruitment, selection, retaining and inspiring the employees in perfect manner. This discourse will discuss the roles and responsibilities of the managers in Saud Bahwan Group. The importance of managers in the organisational design involves various functions, such as organising, planning, directing, motoring and staffing. Managers are the responsible for achieving the organisational goal s. Literature review The mangers of an organisation share knowledge with the employees in order to help them to perform their allocated tasks in efficient manner. Watson (2013) has suggested that managers are responsible for the ultimate success of an organisation as they make the relevant decisions regarding tasks, strategies and meeting. The roles and responsibilities of the manager involve a potential management of the entire workforce. There are seven types of manager in the most of the enterprises, such as problem solving manager, pitchfork manager, pontificating manager, perfect manager, presumptuous manager, proactive manager and passive manager (Bredin and Sderlund 2013). The problem-solving manager is solely focussed and task driven for achieving the targeted goals, whereas the pitchfork manager performs their tasks with demanding progress, controlling power and forcing accountability. On the other hand, the pontificating manager does not follow some specific strategy in order to deal with the e mployees (Jehanzeb et al. 2013). According to Kunze et al.(2013), presumptuous managers concentrate on themselves than the employees and they put their own objectives and goals in the priority list. The perfect managers possess excellent qualities, such as the supporter of innovation, creativity and change for both the personal and professional growth of the employees and the success of the organisation. The passive mangers maintain a good relationship with the team members and colleagues, whereas, the proactive manger always provide confidence to the employees for their career progression (Simons 2013). As opined by Rummler and Brache (2012), the managers even possess the power to recruit, promote and terminate the employees. The managers recommend effective actions for ultimate success of the organisation, they fix meetings with the business executives and marketers, and after that, they execute effective strategies with the help of strategic experts and ask permission from the higher authority to employ the strategy within the company. Alfes et al.(2013) have referred that in todays competitive business world, the managers are the major drover of the success of an organisation. A brief introduction about Saud Bahwan Group Saud Bahwan Group of Oman plays a significant role for enhancing the economic condition of the nation with its allied and automotive business, construction equipment, heavy vehicles, turnkey projects, municipal and civic services, special equipment, travel and tourism and property and real estate business (Saudbahwangroup.com 2016). It is noteworthy to mention here that all of these business help to build the nation as Saud Bahwan Group holds minimum 34% market share. Interview After conducting an effective interview with Mr. Mohammed Saud Bahwan, the Chairman of Saud Bahwan Group, it can be understood that this group continues its business in various sectors, therefore, it is required to implement relevant strategies employed by the managers. Mr. Saud has depicted that this particular business group is committed to maintain corporate social responsibility, corporate governance and controlling the pollutions in order to provide a safe environment in Oman. Even Mr. Saud has explained the responsibilities of the managers for the constant success of Saud Bahwan Group. Job and responsibilities The job and responsibilities of the managers of Saud Bahwan Group involves the leading capability as this particular business group maintain various kinds of business operations in different industry. According to Harris and McCaffer (2013), manger should be proficient in every area as this specific individual can motivate the employees in adequate manner. The managers of Saud Bahwan Group measure monitor and evaluate the success of every sector of business and searches for whether there are any drawbacks or loopholes in the entire business operations. It is important to mention here that there are different managers for controlling the different business sectors. The opinions of these managers vary with their performing functions for ensuring a long-term success in the organisation. The managers of Saud Bahwan Group are capable to administer and oversee the business operations on regular basis. Even the managers are very much friendly that the associates discuss any issues regarding their performance within the company and the adopted strategies in order to mitigate certain challenges. The managers of Saud Bhawan group are: Monitor Spokesperson Disturbance handler Figurehead To reduce operation costs To make plans for optimum utilisation of the existing resources To promote efficient economical productions To establish equilibrium Level manager After the completion of the interview with Mr. Saud, it is clear that the level managers of Saud Bahwan Group involve CEO, directors, and the head managers of the every business sector. There are different level managers for construction equipment, travel and tourism, property and real estate and heavy constructions and every level manager plays crucial role for bringing out the best performances of every sectors and determines the ultimate success of the organisation. Saud Bahwan Group has become a successful company in Oman not in one day and its success relies on the effective decision making and incorporating potential strategies by the level managers. Even the level mangers motivate and inspire the employees for completing the allocated tasks in proper manner and the standard and quality of the services of this particular group is excellent, which helps to retain its loyal customers. The level managers support the motivated and talented workforce, which helps to overcome every encountered challenge in the workplace with employing roper commitment and passion in order to deliver excellence. The level managers are efficient enough in order to make critical tasks easier by the avoidance of wastage of the scarce resources for ultimate enhancement of the profit level. Benefit from manager As the managers of Saud Bahwan Group are efficient, therefore, the business is greatly benefitted from the managers. The company holds minimum 34% market share in Oman and it is only possible because of the efficient and potential managers. The managers of Saud Bahwan Group helps in the recruitment and selection process in order to select only the efficient and desired candidates as an employee of this group. Even the managers have arranged proper and essential trainings for the newly recruited employees in Saud Bahwan Group. There are training sessions available for the existing employees also for their further professional and personal development and career progression. Saud Bahwan Group is benefitted because of its managers great and excellent communication skill and style. According to Slaikeu and Hasson (2012), there are no such issues, which cannot be resolved with employing proper interactions. Communications of the managers maintains the workplace running in effective manner and always help the employees to know the mission vision and goals of the business operations. Even with proper communication style, the managers discuss what kinds of outcomes are expected from the employees. Importance of manager Figure 1: Organisational chart (Source: Saudbahwangroup.com 2016) From this above organisational chart, it has been revealed that in Saud Bahwan Groupthe importance of the managers is impeccable, as they have decided appropriate strategies for the ultimate success of the organisation. The activities of the managers of this business group have been endeavoured in the companys award winning achievement. The responsibility an importance of the managers of this group implies the ultimate success of the enterprise. They always suggest suitable and potential strategies for the business growth. Saud Bahwan Group hire potential and efficient managers in order to run the business functions on regular basis train the newly recruited employees and maintain standard and quality of the performances for retaining the goodwill and the brand image of this company. The managers also play an important role for making budgetary, production and financial goals for Saud Bahwan Group. Even if the organisation fails short to fulfil its desired goals, the managers have made essential and required adjustments in order to get back the company on the desired track. The managers of Saud Bahwan Group truly lead to the success of the organisation in efficient manner. The level managers enable Saud Bahwan Group in potential manner for surviving in the changing environment of the organisation and maintain largest business of construction, automotive, travel and tourisms. Conclusion From this discourse, it has been revealed that the roles and responsibilities of the managers of an organisation is necessary in order to hold the best and desired position in the industry and to enjoy a suitable market share. In this study, the managers of Saud Bahwan Group participates in every aspects and performance of the organisation and communicates with every level of employees and associates for solving any critical issues related to the organisational and employees performance, protocols, policies, rules and regulations. The major importance of the manager of this group involves the development of the performance management process, which is a valuable tool in order to support the employee improvement and development. Even the managers have scheduled an effective conversation for the regular performance of the employees for the betterment of the enterprise. The mangers of Saud Bahwan Group control every operation in coordinated and smooth manner for establishing a sound org anisational structure. They arrange various factors of production and assemble it for organising the resources and integrating resources for achieving goals. Reference Alfes, K., Truss, C., Soane, E.C., Rees, C. and Gatenby, M., 2013. The relationship between line manager behavior, perceived HRM practices, and individual performance: Examining the mediating role of engagement.Human resource management,52(6), pp.839-859. Bredin, K. and Sderlund, J., 2013. Project managers and career models: An exploratory comparative study.International journal of project management,31(6), pp.889-902. Harris, F. and McCaffer, R., 2013.Modern construction management. John Wiley Sons. Jehanzeb, K., Rasheed, A. and Rasheed, M.F., 2013. Organizational commitment and turnover intentions: Impact of employee's training in private sector of saudi arabia.International Journal of Business and Management,8(8), p.79. Kunze, F., Boehm, S. and Bruch, H., 2013. Organizational performance consequences of age diversity: Inspecting the role of diversity?friendly HR policies and top managers negative age stereotypes.Journal of Management Studies,50(3), pp.413-442. Pedler, M., Burgoyne, J. and Boydell, T., 2013.A Manager's Guide to Self-development. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Richmond, V.P., McCroskey, J.C. and Powell, L., 2012.Organizational communication for survival. Pearson Higher Ed. Rummler, G.A. and Brache, A.P., 2012.Improving performance: How to manage the white space on the organization chart. John Wiley Sons. Saudbahwangroup.com (2016) Home Page Available at: https://www.saudbahwangroup.com/[Accessed on November 3, 2016] Simons, R., 2013.Levers of organization design: How managers use accountability systems for greater performance and commitment. Harvard Business Press. Slaikeu, K.A. and Hasson, R.H., 2012.Controlling the costs of conflict: How to design a system for your organization. John Wiley Sons. Watson, T., 2013.Management, organisation and employment strategy: New directions in theory and practice. Routledge.